The Sui Dynasty
The Sui dynasty didn't last very long, it was just 589-618, but even in that short amount of time, leaders reunified China and began the Grand Canal!
The Tang Dynasty
Now this dynasty lasted longer than the Sui, way longer-- it ruled around 300 years! It included parts of eastern Asia & Centeral Asia. Historions view it as the golden age of the Chinese civilization. It featured famous Chinese rulers, including the only female ruler of China; Empress Wu. Of course troubles occured, a very famous disorder in this time is known as Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, it lasted 53 years; from 907 to 960.
The Song Dynasty
In 960, China was reunified (again), like the Tang, Song ruled around 300 years, until 1279 came along. Also similar to Tang, many accomplishments occured in this dynasty!
Yuan Dynasty
The Yuan dynasty was created by Genghis Khan (originally named Temujin), he and his empire (the Mongols) attacked and terrorized many people in the areas around China, soon, China's safe luck had run out. Genghis Khan first led his army to northern China in 1211, they ruined many towns and destroyed farms. When Genghis Khan died in 1227, Mongols were controlling China. Of course, even without him they carried on-- that was the job for his living relations! In 1260 his grandson, Kublai Khan, become ruler of the Mongol empire. In 1279 he seemed himself the emporer of China, that's when the Yuan dynasty began (also known as the Mongol Ascendancy.) Kublai Khan and the other Mongol rulers were about as different from China as you could get; different language, gods to worship, clothing, customs, all of it-- DIFFERENT. The Chinese HATED being ruled by these foreigners (could you really blame them?) they thought them anything but respectful and civilized. But the Chinese weren't forced to join their culture in fact, many Mongols adopted Chinese Customs! The Yuan dynasty ended in 1368, a man named Zhu Yuanzhang led it's defeat.
Ming Dynasty
After he and his army had defeated the Mongols, it was only appropiate for him to become emporer of China! THe Ming dynasty which he founded ruled China from 1368 to 1644-- almost 300 years! It was one of the most prosperous dynasties of China, it expanded (China's) fame at sea and helped many building projects all around China! Many tasks, duties, and skills were improved during the Ming dynasty, it was an inncredible era, alas, it ended in 1644.